ABSTRACT
Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Most of patients with DTC are characterized by low invasiveness and good prognosis. With the development of medical imaging, fine needle biopsy and molecular biology technology, especially the progress of surgical technology, the early diagnosis rate of DTC and the survival rate after operation are significantly increased. However, the cognition understanding of DTC and some views of surgical treatment are still controversial. A systematic review and summary of the diagnosis and surgical treatment of DTC are made based on the changes in the past 40 years, especially the treatment strategy, surgical resection scope and indications of DTC primary focus and cervical lymph node metastasis, in order to propose a more reasonable and accurate individual diagnosis and treatment plan for patients with DTC.
ABSTRACT
External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is one of the important treatment of thyroid cancer. EBRT is still controversial in some aspects of differentiated thyroid cancer. With the development of radiotherapy technology, improvement of equipment and accuracy, treatment complications caused by EBRT are significantly reduced. As a result, EBRT is valued again in the treatment of thyroid cancer, and its indications have been broadened. How to improve the curative effect and guarantee the quality of life becomes the focus of attention. EBRT may be an effective treatment for specific stage and pathological type of thyroid cancer. The multidisciplinary approach is expected to benefit more patients in the future.
ABSTRACT
External beam radiotherapy (EBRT)is one of the important treatment of thyroid cancer. EBRT is still controversial in some aspects of differentiated thyroid cancer. With the development of radiothera-py technology,improvement of equipment and accuracy,treatment complications caused by EBRT are signifi-cantly reduced. As a result,EBRT is valued again in the treatment of thyroid cancer,and its indications have been broadened. How to improve the curative effect and guarantee the quality of life becomes the focus of atten-tion. EBRT may be an effective treatment for specific stage and pathological type of thyroid cancer. The multi-disciplinary approach is expected to benefit more patients in the future.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of radiofrequency on sodium/iodide symporter expression in thyroid cancer cell. Methods 29 thyroid cancer patients with low or no expression of sodium/iodide symporter underwent radiofrequency ablation combining 131I radiotherapy. Whole-body nuclide imaging and serum Ig were examined before and after radiofrequency ablation. Results Whole-body nuclide imaging showed that there were 4 cases (4/29) positive before radiofrequency ablation, 19 cases (19/29) positive two weeks after radiofrequency ablation and 12 cases (12/29) positive four weeks after radiofrequency ablation. Four weeks after radiofrequency ablation, 4 cases showed an increased serum Ig level, 17 cases with a decreased serum Ig level and 17 cases without any change in serum Ig level. The total effective cases were 25 (25/29) and 15 cases (15/29) were completely cured. Conclusion Radiofrequency ablation induces thyroid cancer cells without sodium/iodide symporter expression to resume iodine intake and thus increased clinical effect of 131I on undifferentiated thyroid cancer.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the clinical value of lymph node micrometastases in central group(Ⅵ) lymph node in follicular carcinoma of thyroid.Methods Three hundred and twenty-six negative neck lymph nodes in 68 cases on routine pathological examination(pN0) were examined by keratin-19 monoclonal antibody and S-P immunohistochemistry to detect expression of keratin-19 to confirm lymph node micrometastasis in each neck lymph node,and compare the pathological type and follow-up data of all cases.ResultsThere were 46 neck lymph nodes showed positive lymph node micrometastasis among 326 negative neck lymph nodes that included 4 lymph nodes in group Ⅱ(4/42),5 lymph nodes in group Ⅲ(5/34),5 lymph nodes in group Ⅳ(5/49),1 lymph node in groupⅤ(1/17) and 31 lymph nodes in group Ⅵ(31/184).6 in 14 cases with positive lymph node micrometastases showed distant metastasis or local recurrence,but only 3 in 54 cases with negative lymph node that micrometastases distant metastasis or local recurrence(P